LASIK is an acronym for Laser In-Situ Keratomileusis. It's a world-wide procedure that's:
&bull Popular
&bull Quick
&bull Painless
&bull Effective

In fact, "miraculous" would not be too strong a term to describe its effectiveness. If you're considering whether to have it done, but you've read or heard some negative stories about it, please put them on hold for a minute and read this article.

What is LASIK?
It's a type of eye surgery that uses an extremely precise laser to modify the surface of the cornea (the front part of the eyeball, the white part).

Facts about lasers
&bull There are many types of lasers, all man-made for specific purposes.
&bull Lasers are divided into 4 classes according to their potential for causing biological damage. All lasers come labeled as to their class. Class I lasers pose no hazard and class IV lasers are a fire hazard and skin hazard and must be carefully controlled.
&bull Lasers used in eye surgery are called excimer lasers
&bull Excimer lasers are cool. They emit no heat; just a highly focused ray of ultraviolet light that penetrates only a microscopic depth into the outer layer of corneal tissue
&bull Excimer lasers are so precise they can focus a beam that's only 0.25 microns wide. Compare that to a human hair, which is typically 50 microns wide! The laser could chip away at the width of the hair in half-a-percent increments.
&bull Eye surgeons buy or lease complex units that contain a specific laser along with a computer, patient bed, microscope, and other components for the surgeon to use

How is LASIK done?
&bull Only on good candidates
&bull First there's a detailed eye examination to see if you'd be a good candidate. A good eye surgeon performs LASIK only on good candidates, as opposed to some eye facilities that make money on their sheer numbers of patients, and work on a "low cost, minimal service, cheap equipment, no follow-up" basis.

If you're considering a LASIK treatment, check out several eye surgeons and choose one who's selective in choosing LASIK patients.

What makes a good candidate
&bull Your present vision must be within a certain range of clarity
&bull Your corneas must have a certain minimum thickness
&bull Your pupil diameter should be under a certain width
&bull You're not pregnant or trying to become so
&bull You have no severe heart problems, no auto-immune disease, and no eye disease
&bull You're not diabetic

The LASIK surgeon will use a number of sophisticated tools to exactly measure your vision and calculate exactly what correction it needs.

The procedure itself
&bull Your eyes will be numbed with anesthetic eye drops
&bull You'll lie down on a comfortable bed that will be rotated to place your head beneath the laser. An eye speculum is placed against the eyelids of the eye to be worked on, to keep it open. You don't have to struggle with keeping your own open
&bull Your eye surgeon will treat one eye at a time, placing a shield over the other one. He'll calibrate the laser for each eye because our two eyes are not necessarily identical in shape
&bull Using a hand-held device called a microkeratome, in combination with a small suction cup, the surgeon will make a small round flap on the outer surface of your cornea, and gently fold it back out of the way.
&bull While you look at a red light, the laser is directed at the tissue exposed by the flap being folded back, for somewhere between 10 and 20 seconds. The laser vaporizes tiny amounts of excess corneal tissue that have been impairing your eyesight.
&bull The surgeon replaces that little flap and applies a bit of antibiotic ointment to its edges. Immediately, it starts healing itself with no stitches or bandages required.

There's no pain at all during this procedure. The worst you might feel is the urge to close your eyes against having somebody touch them. So a little self-control is needed to hold yourself still, but the eye speculum does the work of keeping your eyes open.

Recovery period
&bull As soon as you're back in the preparation room, you'll notice that you can see more clearly. There might be some temporary blurriness from the antibiotic.
&bull You'll be given an eye shield and asked to keep it on until the following day.
&bull You'll be given some things to put in your eyes over the next few days:
&bull Moisturizing drops for day time
&bull Antibiotic drops
&bull Moisturizing gel for night time
&bull There's no pain, itching, or swelling
&bull There might be a small amount of temporary redness and sensitivity to light
&bull There'll be a follow-up appointment the next day and at progressively lengthening intervals for a year.

Within a month, most people are completely healed and their vision stabilized. You'll notice a dramatic improvement in your eyesight after LASIK.

Interview some eye surgeons
If you're apprehensive about having LASIK, you should interview several different eye surgeons. Any good eye surgeon will be glad to take some time with you and listen to your concerns. You could write down all your questions and check them off as the surgeon answers them satisfactorily.

Don't be shy about doing this because all good LASIK surgeons know that the idea of having a laser focused on your eyes can be alarming at first. If you find that the surgeon you're consulting with isn't really listening to you, move on. Find a LASIK surgeon you feel you can trust.