Small business owners can now take advantage of Health Reimbursement Arrangements, or HRAs, as a way to cut their health insurance expenses in half. As health insurance premiums continue to grow, fewer small businesses are offering group coverage to their employees. For small businesses with healthy employees, establishing HRAs can be a great way to help their employees obtain permanent, portable individual health insurance at a much lower cost than conventional group coverage.

What is a Health Reimbursement Arrangement?

A Health Reimbursement Arrangement, or HRA, is simply an agreement by an employer to reimburse the employee for their health insurance premiums and other specified medical expenses. This is considered to be a tax-free fringe benefit for the employee.

Because family and individual health insurance plans are underwritten (meaning that the insurance company has the option of excluding a condition or declining an application all together), they are much less expensive than are group plans. In fact, they typically cost less than half as much.

HRAs are also known as Section 105 plans, named after the section in the U.S. Tax Code that governs them.

How Health Reimbursement Arrangements Work

In today's business climate employees are quick to go elsewhere if they see a better opportunity. Providing excellent benefits is essential to retaining the great employees, but group health insurance can be too expensive for some small business owners.

An HRA allows you to reimburse your employees for their individual health insurance expenses, taking you out of the middle. Employees carry their own private health insurance coverage which is totally portable and not tied to their employment.

You no longer have to administer the plan, and you no longer have to shop it every year. When employees carry their own private coverage, there are also no COBRA issues to deal with when employment terminates.

When you establish an HRA for your employees, you define what expenses that you will be reimbursing, and how much you will reimburse. For example, you may say that you will reimburse up to $300/month for covered health insurance and medical expenses. If the employee uses less than that, any excess credit accumulates for future disbursement.

When the employee has a qualified medical expense, they would submit it to you for reimbursement, up to the amount of their HRA balance. You then simply cut a check for the amount of the reimbursement. It's that simple. You count it as a business expense, and on that reimbursement, your employee pays no taxes.

Keeping Your Employees Healthy

Most of your employees will incur medical expenses every year, including dental expenses and eye glass expenses. Through an HRA you can reimburse your employees for these expenses with tax-free dollars.

The best businesses are about more than just selling widgets and making money. The more the business cares about the employees and the more the employees care about the business - the more fun we have and the more successful we are. So why not reimburse for preventive benefits like smoking cessation programs, weight loss programs, or even just annual physicals.

The great thing about HRAs is that you are the architect. You get to decide what expenses you will reimburse. You also have the right to exclude part time employees, employees who have worked for you for less than three years, and those under age 25.

How to Establish Your HRAs

When you establish an HRA, all you have to do is furnish a Summary Plan Description to all plan participants. The Summary Plan Description simply describes who is eligible, and the benefit limits that can be reimbursed. For instance, it may list their minimum age, the number of months they must be employed, and the minimum number of hours they must work. It will list the benefit limit for reimbursement of health insurance premiums, out-of-pocket expenses, term life premiums, and possibly other expenses. You must also keep a Plan Document in your files, which documents the same information.

A Better System for Employer and Employee

If you have a small business of healthy employees, an HRA may be a no-brainer. Keep in mind that because your employees will be applying for individual health insurance coverage instead of group coverage, their premiums will be much lower but the plans will each be individually underwritten.

Your employees will each get to choose the insurance plan and deductible that best fits their individual needs. Many are choosing Health Savings Accounts as a way to further reduce their health insurance costs. Once everyone is approved they will have permanent coverage that is not tied down to their employment. And you can get out of the insurance business, for good.