In most of the cases the functional ovarian cysts prove to be harmless, do not cause pain or other symptoms, and disappear after some time even without a special treatment.

In case treatment must be applied the doctors think of prescribing a treatment which will reduce the symptoms given by the cyst (pelvic pain) and which will stop the cyst from reoccurring by preventing the ovulation with the help of birth control pills.

Most of the doctors will want to observe the functional ovarian cyst over one or two months as there is a possibility for them to disappear without special treatment. In case the cyst does not go away and it is still developing then the doctor will prescribe the needed treatment for resolving the problem. Also, other tests might be necessary to see if there is something else besides the cyst. At home, besides the prescribed treatment the patient can follow a treatment with heat in order to relieve its symptoms.

The cyst which does not disappear after two months and at the ultrasound has unusual appearance and gives bothering symptoms must be treated as soon as possible with medication or surgery. At first the doctor will recommend birth control pills for several months. In case they are not effective he might try a treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists which will prevent the ovary from producing eggs. In this way the production of ovary and progesterone will decrease too like in menopausal woman. This treatment can be followed only for a few months as it can give significant side effects.

In case these two treatment measures are not working and the cyst is still there causing pain to the patient, the surgery will be the last option of the doctor. The surgery can be made laparoscopic, with the help of the laparoscope. The best thing about laparoscopic surgery is that it leaves only tiny marks on the skin and the patient recovers very fast from the surgery. The patient can leave the hospital during the same day and will be able to go to work after two weeks of rest.

In case the sonogram shows a cancerous cyst then the classical surgery will be performed. This procedure is known as laparotomy.

After menopause the cysts increase the risk of cancer in a patient. This is why surgery is needed and in many case the doctors remove the ovary too to make sure cancer will not develop. If the ultrasound show that the cyst is not cancerous than the transvaginal ultrasound can be used to monitor the cyst over time.



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